Homework 1 - ANN Fundamentals
Due Tuesday, February 11, 2014
NOTE: This assignment, like others in this class, is due at the
beginning of the class period. This means that if you are
even a minute late, you lose 20%. If you are worried about
potentially being late, turn in your homework ahead of time.
Do this by submitting them to me during office hours or by sliding it
under my office door. Do not send assignments to me through email or
leave them in my departmental mail box.
As discussed in class, the foundational computing element for an
artificial neural network (ANN) is the artificial neuron (AN). ANs can
learn in many ways but the most fundamental way is supervised learning.
Moreover, ANs may be used for many tasks but the most basic is
classification. These ANN basics — ANs, supervised learning, and
classification — are the topics of this homework.
The assignment.
Complete the following exercises:
Part 1 — AN Representation
- Consider a single AN used for classification in a 2D space with an
augmented vector. This AN is a summation unit (SU) and its activation
function fAN is a step function with outputs
γ1=1 and γ2=0. Given the weights
v1=−0.2, v2=0.9, and
v3=−0.3, draw this AN.
- Draw (on graph or engineering paper or by using software) the
decision boundary encoded by this AN. Be sure to indicate the
γ1 side of the boundary.
- Add the following points on the graph you just drew and
label the class of each according to the AN.
- (−0.5, −0.1)
- (0, 0)
- (0.3, −0.9)
- (−0.5, 0.1)
- (0.7,0.8)
- Assume that the AN’s classification of each of the points above
is correct. List a new labeled data item which, if added to the
data set above, would necessarily cause the AN to misclassify at least
one data item. Explain why the AN would necessarily misclassify
at least one data item.
- Explain how the decision boundary for this AN would change if
γ2 were changed to −1, rather than 0.
[Note for
explanatory questions, like this one: To explain the answer, describe
what the answer is — in this case, what changes (if any) there are
to the decision boundary — and also why that is the correct
answer — in this case that answer would be based on how the value
of γ affects the decision boundary.]
- Explain how the decision boundary for this AN would change if
fAN were changed to be a sigmoidal function.
- Explain how the classification of each of the points listed
above would change if fAN were a sigmoidal
function.
Part 2 — AN Learning
- Consider the same AN given above in 1.1 together with the following
learning rule (and ignore the points in 1.3 and 1.4 and possible
modifications to the AN listed in 1.5 – 1.7):
-
vi(t) = vi(t−1) + (tp − op) zi,p
Explain how the AN weights would be updated given each of the
following labeled data points, presented in the following order:
- (0.4, 0.7) γ1
- (−1.0, 0.9) γ2
- (0.9, 0.1) γ1
- (0, 0) γ2
- Draw the graph of the data and the decision boundary after
each weight update for the data given in 2.1.
- Explain which of the points in 2.1 are correctly classified by
this AN after all of the weight updates from one learning pass through
this data and explain what this tells us about the use of this
learning rule.
- Explain how many more passes through the data are needed
before all of the points from 2.1 are correctly classified by this AN.
Show your work.
- Explain the likely effect of introducing a learning rate
parameter (η) into the equation given.
What to turn in.
Turn in a neatly handwritten or typed copy of your answers to the
exercises for this assignment. The diagrams should be neatly drawn on
engineering or graph paper or by using software. You should turn in both a
paper and electronic (perhaps scanned) copy of this assignment..